Thursday, March 14, 2019

Intellect and Virtue


Intellect seems to hold a very high place in Hildegard’s mind when she thinks about the divine. From intellect seems to grow faith, and most importantly, virtuosity, best encapsulated by this quote:
„He gives you the best of treasure, a vivid intelligence. He commands you profit… from your intellect in good works, and grow rich in virtue” (Hildegard of Bingen, 479).

I want to first focus on the first half of the statement. On page 473, Hildegard recounts a statement given to her from the son of Man: “Oh foolish people… you do not want to open an eye to see how good your souls could be, it is as if you did not know good and evil, or have the glory of knowing how to avoid evil and do good” (Hildegard of Bingen, 473).

Man has been gifted intellect, the knowledge of what is just, but it is what one chooses to do with it that establishes their character. He is given the tools he needs to live in harmony with God’s plan, for he is God’s creation and is therefore given what is needed to best worship Him.

Included in this package deal is Grace, an entity seemingly devoted to preserving the souls of God’s creatures. Grace seems to protect those with even the most grotesque of souls: “For I do not find it loathsome to touch ulcerated wounds surrounded by the filthy, gnawing worms that are innumerable vices stinking with evil report and infamy, and stagnating in habitual wickedness. I do not refuse to close them gently up, drawing forth from them the devouring poison of malice, by touching them with the mild fire of the breath of the Holy Spirit” (Hildegard of Bingen, 431). Grace seems pretty set on the whole redemption thing. However, some can push too far, as the quote goes on to say, “But those who despise and reject me are dead, and I do not know them”, showing that even divine presences have their limits (Hildegard of Bingen, 431). But truly, if one rejects even Grace, their last chance at the redemption of their putrid soul, there is nothing left to save them; they have taken all of their born intellect and rejected it, throwing away one of God’s greatest treasures. So really, is there anything to be done at this point?

To return to the quote from the beginning: “…profit from your intellect in good works and grow rich in virtue.”
Hildegard jumps on this idea of virtuosity and runs with it. First of all, it is only through understanding, not even exaggerated worship or extravagant prayer, but understanding of faith that brings one to true virtue. And this concept makes sense- you can fake worship and buy extravagance, but you cannot feign belief.
From this rooted intelligence and inherent faith sprouts virtue- without these elements, nothing can actually, meaningfully grow. By opening oneself up and allowing virtue to pour in, more can grow or emerge, as virtue begets virtue.
One thing I was still unsure about after our discussion in class and reading Hildegard’s visions was the specific breeding grounds for virtue- what are the ingredients for perfection? The cycle seems to be reminiscent of the chicken and the egg- what comes first, the perfect soul or complete virtuosity?
Something I appreciated about the visual component of Hildegard’s imagery of the temple of God was the correlation shown between the virtues and the temple. Biblical metaphor has consistently stated that the Christian body is the temple. Congruent with the goals of the Christian body, the virtues are shown huddled inside God’s own temple. This provides a blueprint of what a follower of Christ should aim for, pretty much literally.

After all of this, I am still left with one question regarding Hildegard’s stance on the Christian’s intellect. Hildegard often described holy figures, images, or visions of Christ as incomprehensible. Yet, she seemed to be the best equipped to be able to handle these images. She should have had the capability to see these images and absorb them, or who could? She seems to hold within her all of the knowledge of faith and worship, yet even she cannot digest a vision of Christ. It seems a little disheartening that someone so well-equipped to handle a biblical image was not able to. Why are we expected to be able to be blind to what we are aiming to see? How is God not visible to the one who has supposedly seen everything?
-ID

1 comment:

  1. I agree. Hildegard presents us with a conundrum: if she can't understand fully what she sees, how can we? And yet, as you rightly point out, for her understanding is the basis of virtue. So how can one have virtue, if one does not understand? This is, I think, the role of Grace, and yet, as you point out, it is possible to reject Grace. Perhaps this is where the real virtue of the soul comes in? RLFB

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